1) How did Rome's Republic develop?
The Roman Republic was divided into 2 classes. The Patricians is the wealthily class comprised of wealthy landowners. Plebeians are the common people comprised of artisans, shopkeepers, and small landowners. Men in both classes have the right to vote, pay taxes, and serve in the army. But Plebeians have less social status, lack an important political power, and can't hold public office.
|
2) How did Rome's Government work?
The Roman government is a tripartite, a 3 part system similar to our government. One group of people enforce the law similar to the Executive Breach. Another group makes the law similar to the Legislative Breach. Finally the third group Interpreted the law similar to the Judicial Branch. This government have Check and Balances so one group doesn't have too much power, but didn't separate powers. The top government official is the Two Patrician consuls. The consuls are chose every year so the consul doesn't abuse there power. Rome's other important are the Praetors, they intercept the law and are judges. Other officials keeping tax records, handling public festivals, and more. The most important Legislative body is the senate. This is a group of 300 patrician men who gave advice to the council. By the 200's they propose laws, hold debates, and approve building programs.
|
3)What was the relationship between Patricians and Plebeians like.
In Early rome plebeians complained about there little power in the republic. They diverse some power because they fight along with the patricians in the army, and pay tax. In 494 BCE plebeians took action, they went on strike, refusing the fight in the army, and left rome to set up a republic. Patricians were frighten, so they gave power to the plebeians. In 471 BCE the plebeians get there body of representatives called the consul of plebs. The consul of plebs, also called the assembly, elected tribunes to show the government there concerns. They won the right to veto government decision. In 455 BCE both classes are allowed to marry each other. In 300 BCE Plebeians are allowed to become councils. The most important year is 287 BCE where the consul of plebs finally gained the power
|
|
4) Who was Cincinnatus.
Cincinnatus was a dictator of rome for short time because in 460 BCE roman soldiers were surrounded by a powerful enemy. Rome have a different way to deal with emergencies by electing a office of dictator to solve the problem. The best early rome dictator was Cincinnatus, he is large farmer. He defeated the enemy within 15-16 days and went back to his farm losing power over everyone. He strongly believed that being a dictator was his civic duty.
|
5) What were Rome's Law like.
Rome have a system of laws that is very/fairly similar to our legal system. By 451 BCE rome created the 12 tables. Before 451 BCE laws weren't written down. Plebs demanded that law should be written down for everyone to see. The 12 tables were carved on bronze tables and are placed at marketplaces called forum. The 12 tables are the basics for all future laws. The tables establish that all citizens are free and are treated equally. But when taking over land the 12 tables only applied only to roman citizens. The roman republic created the laws of nation that applied to all people everywhere. These standards includes ideas that we still use today.This standards are that a person is innocent until proven guilty, a judge being more carful and looking a evidence before making a decision. The idea that everyone are equally is called the "rule of law" . In some places higher class don't have to follow the law and lower classes didn't have any legal rights.
|
6) What was Carthage
7) What happened in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd punic war.
First War: Both Rome and Carthage want control of Sicily. War broke out in 264 BCE called the first punic war meaning Phoenician war. Romans sent armies to carthage colonies on Sicily and the Carthage are determined to stop them. Romans revised that they need a navy to counteract Carthage sea power. The Romans built port and ships quickly to confront there enemy at sea. The war dragged for 20 years and ended in 241 BCE . The Carthage lost, forced to leave rome, and must pay a huge fine to Rome. ( The first war goes to the Romans)
Second War: To make up for the loss of Sicily the carthage took over Spain. Roman leaders are upset about this, so they help Spain get control over there land again. The Carthage's stared the second punic war by sending there general Hannibal to attack rome in 218 BCE. Hannibal's plan is take the fight to Italy itself. Hannibal gathered 46,000 men at least, many horses, and 37 elephants. He headed to Italy on foot, but he had to cross the alps. Sadly he lost half of his army, and most of his elephants. Romans suffer a severe lost in 216 BCE in the battle of Cannae. Hannibal's army raided most of Italy. In 202 BCE a General named Scipio planed to invade Cartage. Hannibal heard that his home land was being destroyed had to return home to defend his people. Sadly he was to late. At the battle of Zama, Scipio's troops defeated Carthage. They gave up Spain, there navy to rome, and another large fine. (The second punic war goes to the roman.) Third War: While Carthage have no navy, but still remained a trading center. Rome Decided to take over the Carthaginians. They burned carthage and enslave 50,000 men,women, and children. Legend say that the romans poured salt on the earth so no crops could grow. This took place in 146 BCE. ( Rome wins this short war) |